(Des)caminhos rumo à aposentadoria: dilema de docentes com abono de permanência em uma IFES no Meio do Mundo (1998-2019)

Abstract

The theme of this study involves the Retirement dilemmas experienced by professors from Higher Education, in the use of the Allowance of Permanence, in a Federal Institution of Higher Education/FIHE, located in the Brazilian Northern Amazon. The problem asks: in which way does the professor retirement policy, in a context of social security reforms, under the neoliberal state, influence the perception of losses and gains among professor members in the Permanence Allowance? The premise that the biopsychosocial turbulence as a characteristic of the end of the career, associated with political-economic issues, encourages professors to stay in the Civil Service, postponing retirement. The objective is to understand the influence of the transmutations of the neoliberal State and Social Security on the retirement policy of professors of Higher Education, in the use of the Allowance for Permanence. The methodology consists of a documental, qualitative study, based on the assumptions of Hermeneutics-dialectics, which used semi-structured interviews with 17 professors who met the legal criteria for retirement, but are still working. As for the results, in the Empirical Category State and (Dis)protection in old age, it was observed that in the scenario of successive losses, adherence to work and to the Permanent Allowance symbolizes the last instance of State protection, as opposed to the perception of (dis)protection in old age, sanctified by the advent of retirement; In the category Advantages and Disadvantages of Remaining Active, it was validated the premise that professors with a perception of loss continue active, constituting the great advantage of their permanence, while the dissolution of the employment relationship is the most significant disadvantage; In the case of the Periphery of Capital and the Degradation of Teaching Work, it was found that in such working conditions are geographic distances, lack of equipment and resources for research, teaching, and extension, in addition to prejudice, devaluation of productions and of the researcher, seen as peripheral; In the analysis of the Losses and Gains of Retirement, the assumption that professors with a perception of earnings end their career without major difficulties was not confirmed, verifying that the breaking of the link with the Academy - the greatest loss with retirement - was also the greatest disadvantage of remaining active. The conclusion is that the absence of effective actions for the outcoming of teaching in Higher Education, opens space for the Permanence Allowance to materialize as a pseudo-policy of preparation for retirement, since its protective character evolves the conflicts caused by the proximity of the epilogue of the career - silenced by the denial of employees and employers before the idea of a retirement compatible with an aging socially and economically undesirable