Sobrepeso e obesidade em adolescentes escolares acompanhados pela estratégia Saúde da Família e Programa Saúde na Escola

Abstract

Obesity can be defined as a multifactorial syndrome characterized by excessive accumulation of body fat and its occurrence at earlier ages has been gaining increasing prominence in the world scenario. The justification for this study is the search for data that demonstrate the occurrence of overweight and obesity in school teenagers in the city of Macapá, accompanied by the Family Health Strategy and Health in School Program teams. The overall objective of the study is to investigate the occurrence of overweight and obesity in teenagers attending high school in Macapá state schools, accompanied by the Family Health Strategy and the School Health Program teams. Regarding the specific objectives: to estimate the number of cases of overweight and obesity in school teenagers; to verify the association of socioeconomic and food consumption factors in overweight and obese school teenagers; to identify the main risk factors and comorbidities in school teenagers with overweight and obesity and to propose strategies for coping with overweight and obesity in the state schools of Macapá agreed in the Health in School Program. Material and Methods: cross-sectional study with teenagers aged 14-19 years. The sample comprised the total number of teenagers identified as overweight and obese. A total of 717 students were evaluated through anthropometry. The research was approved by the National Ethics Commission in Research (CAAE Registry 57038516.1.0000.0003) and there was use of the Terms of Assent and Free and Informed Consent. Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics version 22.0 software and the tests used were chi-square and ANOVA with significance level p <0.05. Results and Discussion: the total number of overweight and obese teenagers was 102 (14.2%), but only 74 (10.3%) answered the questionnaire, 59 (79.7%) were overweight and 15 (20, 3%) with obesity. There was a prevalence of individuals with monthly family income lower than 1,000 reais (52.7%), who performed three meals a day, partially respecting the established schedules. The results for feeding practices showed that, except for pasta intake (p = 0.020) and inlays (p = 0.044), there was no significant influence (p> 0.05) when comparing the nutritional status of teenagers with overweight and obesity. Regarding the risk factors, there was a prevalence of teenagers with a family history of obesity (58.1%) and who drank meals watching television, in front of the computer, using the cell phone or playing video games (66.2%). As for comorbidities, there were cases of systemic arterial hypertension (4.0%), diabetes mellitus (1.3%), high cholesterol and triglyceride levels (6.8%), shortness of breath (27.0%), dermatitis (23.0%), pain in the spine (59.5%), joint pain (35.1%), and psychosocial disorders, among them bullying (45.6%). Conclusion: the results highlight the importance of the performance of a multiprofessional health team within the school environment, since it is an ideal space for the identification of health problems. The actions to promote food and nutritional security must be worked and disseminated, in order to contribute to conscious food choices, as well as the practice of physical activity.