Prevalência de má oclusão e avaliação do padrão facial em estudantes de escolas públicas no município de Macapá – Amapá

Abstract

The dissertation presents studies about the prevalence of malocclusion and evaluation of the facial pattern in students of public schools in the city of Macapá - Amapá. In Brazil and especially in the North region, malocclusion and all basic oral health care deserve special attention. However, access to public dental services is extremely difficult, especially for the economically disadvantaged population. According to the latest survey, 64% of the population of Macapá does not have access to dental services on a regular basis, since we do not have a sector or program focused on this problem or the simpler preventive procedures, much less complex ones, accumulating the need for orthodontic treatment. Thus, the general objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental malocclusions and types of facial patterns in students (aged 11 to 17 years) of public schools in Macapá - Ap. In relation to methodological aspects, - the use of bibliographical research to construct the theoretical foundations; then the use of field research in universe was made up of the following public schools: Maria de Nazaré Pereira Vasconcelos State School, Amapá Municipal School and Marechal Castelo Branco State School. From where it extracted after participating in the biggest triage of the good group, sample of 300 selected students in the age group of 11 to 17 years and mainly without being doing dental treatment. In relation to the objectives, an epidemiological survey carried out and an observational study carried out. Inclusion criteria: for convenience according to the proposed age requirement (11 to 17 years) and had not undergone previous orthodontic treatment. The following instruments: clinical examination, Oral and facial photographic record, Frankfurt plane of the head parallel to the ground, and intra- and inter-examiner tests. The data obtained tabulated in Excel spreadsheet, and the prevalence of OM classes were determined by simple counting, as well as the distribution of facial pattern types. The data analyzed under the quantitative and exploratory approaches. The results showed that the facial pattern I was the most prevalent. The crowding and malocclusion were the most frequent occurrences in the sagittal plane, also in the sagittal plane, the Class I and II malocclusions were the most observed, in the vertical direction the open bite was more prevalent, despite the number of students that the developed to be low in relation to those who developed the other classifications. It concluded that in the results, a relationship between the absence of treatment and adequate dental monitoring with the incidence of dental malocclusions observed. It is recommended, then, some possibilities of dental intervention that can have satisfactory results if the State, Municipality, Dentist of the Good Project and adolescents participate in the whole process of screening in social and educational actions that, when carried out in public schools, can soften the problems of the absence of dental treatment and follow-up of adolescents