Ecologia parasitária de Pterophyllum scalare (LICHTENSTEIN, 1823) e Mesonauta acora (CASTELNAU, 1855) (CICHLIDAE) em área úmida da Amazônia Oriental, Brasil

Abstract

The Amazon has a great biodiversity. One of the environments that contributes to the high diversity in the region are the aquatic ecosystems. In Macapa-AP, there are wetlands known locally as "Ressaca". Are systems of high diversity and productivity, however, has been suffering from environmental degradation. The imbalance of the environment can interfere in the lives of fish and their parasites. This study aimed to compare the parasitic fauna of Pterophyllum scalare and Mesonauta Acora (Ciclidae) of this wetland area of Macapa. Specimens of P. scalare and M.acora were collected from September to December 2012 in Macapa (00 ° 02'37, 5'' N and 51 ° 06'19, 2 "W). P.scalare in weight (7.0 ± 4, 2 g), length (7.0 ± 1.3 cm) were collected 2,363 parasites. The highest prevalence and relative dominance was Sciadcleithrum iphthimum followed by Icthyouris sp. M.acora weight (6.7 ± 4.7 g), length (6 7 ± 1.2 cm) were collected from a total of 8,459 parasites. Higher prevalence was metacercariae Posthodiplostomum sp. intestine of the host. Gender Sciadcleithrum sp. was identified in two cichlids, most species Sciadcleithrum joanae occurred only in P. scalare and Sciadcleithrum iphthimum only M.acora. Both hosts showed a typical pattern of uneven distribution of their parasites. The dispersion was P.scalare greater Sciadcleithrum iphthimum (ID = 4.322, d = 9.82) and M.acora of Sciadcleithrum joanae (ID = 5456 = 11.59 d). Parasite diversity (HB = 0.5602 ± 0.2906) in M.acora was higher than that recorded in P.scalare (HB = 0.4623 ± 0.2590). The length (cm) and weight (g) showed a negative correlation with the abundance of S.iphthimum and C.pterophylum however P.scalare length (cm) and weight (g) not correlated with any of the parasites M.acora. These ecological studies are important to understanding the host-parasite relationship in this environment for the improvement of environmental conservation programs