Epidemiologia da malária autóctone em crianças e adolescentes no Estado do Amapá

Abstract

Introduction: Malaria is an infectious, parasitic, systemic, non-contagious disease with episodic manifestations of acute and chronic evolution caused by a protozoan of the genus Plasmodium and transmitted to humans by the bite of the female mosquito of the genus Anopheles, producing fever, chills and sweating. In Brazil, the highest number of cases (99%) is verified in the legal Amazon, where children are highly vulnerable, as well as 914 million adolescents (10 to 19 years old) living in low-income countries have been relatively neglected. Therefore, the occurrence and spatial distribution of reported autochthonous cases of malaria in children and adolescents in the state of Amapá during the period from 2010 to 2015 was evaluated. Material and Methods: This is an epidemiological, ecological, descriptive study, based on secondary data obtained from the Malaria Epidemiological Surveillance System of the Health Surveillance Institute of the Ministry of Health and the Universal Database of the Unified Health System and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, available online. Results and Discussions: 38,129 autochthonous malaria cases were analyzed between 2010 and 2015, an increase from 6,227 in 2010 to 8,366 in 2011, with an increase of (34.4%), after that year there was a 2015. From 2014 to 2015 increased (9.9%), from 4,877 to 5,361. The reduction in the analyzed period was (13.9%) in the absolute total of cases. The incidence occurred in both sexes (58.6%) in males and (41.4%) in females, with predominance among adolescents (28.6%) in the age group of 10-14 years and (30%) between 15-19 years. As for the distribution by main activity, stood out the agriculture, domestic activities and of garimpagem. As for seasonality, the second half of the year is the one that registered the highest occurrence in the months of October and November. In relation to the species, (84.91%) were caused by Plasmodium Vivax and (10.45%) Plasmodium Falciparum. More than half of the cases (60.7%) had two parasetemia crosses at the time of diagnosis and (79.59%) of the cases had no identification of the type of treatment performed. The municipalities of Alto Risco were: Serra do Navio (154.4), Oiapoque (116.0), Calçoene (109.5), Mazagão (in the case of malaria), according to the Annual Parasitic Incidence. (77.9), Porto Grande (75.4), Medium Risk: Tartarugalzinho (26.3), Ferreira Gomes (23.7), Santana (15.5), Laranjal (2), Jari (11,0) and Low Risk: Macapá (5,7), Cutias do Araguari (4,0), Pracuúba (3,2), Amapá (2,4), Vitória do Jari (1,4) and Itaubal (0.4). The localities with the highest records were the special areas of garimpo, indigenous area, settlements, rural areas as sites, villages and urban and peri-urban areas. Considerations: The data point to the importance of malaria in children and adolescents, suggesting the need to monitor this endemic disease in the State of Amapá, in order to reduce disease morbidity and improve rapid access to diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Involvement of basic care, epidemiological surveillance, and environmental monitoring should remain constant and health professionals need to be sensitized so that they immediately see the first clinical signs of the disease and are prepared to intervene in a timely manner