Desenvolvimento e avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana e antibiofilme de nanoparticulas de zeína carregadas com Digluconato de Clorexidina e Ácido Elágico para uso odontológico

Abstract

The development of polymeric nanoparticles containing antimicrobial agents for in situ treatment is a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of oral infections. The systemic use of antibiotics has limitations, as in addition to limiting distribution to injured tissues, it causes adverse reactions and may also contribute to the acquisition of resistance to microorganisms. Therefore, this study aimed to co-encapsulate chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) and ellagic acid (EA) in zein nanoparticles in order to enhance the antimicrobial activity of these agents against microorganisms characteristic of oral infections. The nanoparticles, of each drug individually and in association, were prepared by the nanoprecipitation method, and then characterized as to their size (nm), polydispersion index (pdI) and zeta potential (mV) being subjected to a stability study with exposure to different storage conditions (4ºC, 25ºC and 40ºC) in order to verify its behavior over time. The minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentration against Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans were determined, followed by the evaluation of the synergistic, synergistic effect between CHX in solution and EA in solution and nanoencapsulated. Finally, the antibiofilm activity of the developed nanoparticles against S. aureus and S. mutans was evaluated. After 180 days of analysis, among the co-encapsulated nanoparticles, only NChxEa 0.25% remained stable and also performed the most effective antimicrobial action against the selected strains, maintaining MICs and MBCs between 12.2 μg/ml, 24, 4 and 48.8 μg/ml. The combination of CHX and EA resulted in an additive effect, while the co-encapsulation of these actives, despite the observed limitations, proved to be an effective strategy to improve the antibacterial effect against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus through the cross-test. boardcheck. The co-encapsulated nanoparticles showed an antibiofilm effect against S. aureus, however the nanoencapsulated EA showed the greatest effect, reducing viability by 49%. Faced with the S. mutans biofilm, NEaChx 0.25% proved to be the most favorable formulation in reducing bacterial viability by 22.6%. Candidates for its use as an antimicrobial agent for dental use, associating the antimicrobial effects of both actives with the other beneficial effects provided by ellagic acid