Variação sazonal do perfil metabólico dos óleos essenciais de Ayapana triplinervis em dois morfotipos

Abstract

The present study analyzed the seasonal variation of secondary metabolites present in the essential oils of Ayapana triplinervis (Asteraceae), comparing two morphotypes (A and B) collected throughout an annual cycle in the Macapá-AP region. The main objective was to correlate the dynamics of the chemical profiles with annual pluviometric (rainfall) variations. The methodology integrated climatological forecasting through the SARIMA (Seasonal Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average) model and metabolomics. Essential oil samples were analyzed by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR), and the resulting data were subjected to Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The SARIMA (2,0,2) (1,0,1) [12] model was robust and predicted the rainfall peak in March and the minimum precipitation in September, providing the seasonal context for the collections. The PCA demonstrated that seasonality acts as a modulating factor, maximizing the differences in the essential oils' chemical composition between the morphotypes during the transition and peak rainfall months (December and March). In December, morphotype A was characterized by aliphatic groups, and morphotype B by aromatic/vinylic groups (phenylpropanoids). In contrast, at the peak of the dry season (September), the chemical profiles converged toward an average pattern. It is concluded that the metabolic profile of Ayapana triplinervis is a direct response to the morphotype X seasonality interaction. This study validates the integration of chemometric and metabolomic techniques for the quality control and optimization of the collection and production of Ayapana triplinervis for biopharmacological purposes.