Prevalência de manifestações musculoesqueléticas em indivíduos com chikungunya no estado do Amapá: um estudo transversal

Abstract

Introduction: Chikungunya fever is a disease caused by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and joint pain is considered the classic symptom. The chronic form of the disease tends to course with musculoskeletal dysfunction and is associated with the progression of other clinical symptoms and sometimes disabling manifestations. Since the 2000s, epidemics and occurrences of CHIKV have been recorded in several countries of the world. As of 2014, records of CHIKV were identified in Brazil, adding high rates of infected, thus establishing a problem in relation to the states whose climate is favorable for the proliferation of the mosquito that transmits CHIKV. In the state of Amapá there is a scarcity of studies that unveil the profile of the infected population and its clinical and musculoskeletal manifestations, thus hindering the management of the disease in the infected population. Objective: To identify the prevalence of musculoskeletal manifestations in individuals reported with Chikungunya fever in the state of Amapá, Brazil, between 2016 and 2021. Method: This is an observational study, with a cross-sectional and retrospective design, which used data from the SINAN NET system of the Ministry of Health (MS). Sociodemographic and clinical data of the diagnosed individuals were used, data correctly filled out according to the identification and notification form of the Ministry of Health were included in the study, and those individuals whose data were filled out incompletely were excluded. For data analysis, descriptive statistics were used, and the Shapiro wilk test and the Chi-square test were used to verify normality to analyze possible associations. Results: Data from 869 individuals with Chikungunya were analyzed. It was observed that most of the cases are female (55.8%), with a mean age of 31.9 to 19.4 years, self-declared brown (77.5%) with incomplete elementary education (16.8%) and living in the urban area (82.8%). The results indicate a direct association between joint pain with: arthritis (OR=2.56/CI=1.90- 3.46); fever (OR=2.42/CI=1.27–4.60); back pain (OR=4.34/CI=3.26–5.80); myalgias (OR=4.89/CI=3.43 – 6.98); headache (OR=3.69/CI=2.45–5.55); and the rash (OR=1.89/CI=1.44–2.48). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the most prevalent musculoskeletal manifestation was myalgia. The profile of these individuals is composed mostly of females, with a mean age of 31.9+19.4, having incomplete elementary school, self declared brown and living in the urban area. It was also identified that there is an association between the main joint symptom presented in individuals with Chikungunya, arthralgia, with the other musculoskeletal variables, and also with the clinical ones.