Perfil epidemiológico dos casos de câncer de tireoide submetidos à tireoidectomia, no estado do Amapá, no período de janeiro 2012 a janeiro de 2016

Abstract

Thyroid cancer is considered the most prevalent endocrine tumor in the world. It can be classified into three types: well differentiated (papillary and follicular carcinoma), poorly differentiated (medullary carcinoma) and undifferentiated (anaplastic). It is known that the incidence of differentiated thyroid carcinoma has increased in recent years. Objective: To analyze the epidemiological data of thyroid cancer cases undergoing thyroidectomy in the state of Amapa, in the period from January 2012 to January 2016. Methodology: This study is descriptive, cross-sectional retrospective analyzing pathological reports, immunohistochemical and cytological cases of patients undergoing thyroidectomy in the state of Amapa, in the period from January 2012 to January 2016. data were collected from only two state pathology laboratories in activity in the period analyzed. Results: It was evidenced the predominance of women with 93.73% of cases. A mean age (44.6 ± 14.1 years), from the evil, with statistical significance (p = 0.025), that is, patients with thyroid cancer diagnosis were on average younger than those diagnosed with injuries benign. Found 51.60% of cytological results of follicular or indeterminate atypia (Bethesda III). When analyzing the clinical pathology and immunohistochemistry, it identified 63.64% of benign reports, 35.73% and 0.63% malignant undetermined. Among the malignant 79.82% were papillary, 16.67% are follicular, medullary 3.5% and no anaplastic. Most follicular were well differentiated (84.21%) and were moderately differentiated papillary (50.55%). The larger diameter of the most prevalent malignant nodules was between 1 and 1.9 cm. The fine-needle aspiration showed accuracy, sensitivity, specificity of 82.10%, 63.88% and 93.22%, respectively. Discussion: We found a lower average age than the one presented in all analyzed studies. Variables such as gender, diameter and histological type of malignant nodules were consistent with the literature. Most papillary thyroid nodules were moderately differentiated, and the amount of cytological reports with Bethesda III had higher results than found in other studies. Moreover, the accuracy of this method was evaluated as good. Conclusion: It is suggested that the State of Amapá has a significant amount of thyroid cancer cases, especially in young adults under 45 years old. It is believed that more research is needed on the subject to justify this finding.