Estudo do óleo essencial e da nanoemulsão à base de Rosmarinus officinalis L. sobre dislipidemia em ratos Wistar

Abstract

Introduction: Dyslipidemias are metabolic alterations of lipids which induce increased serum lipoproteins, cholesterol, and triglycerides, being a risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis.Objective: This study aimed to assess the effect of Rosmarinus officinalis’ essential oil (ORO), and its nanoemulsion (NEORO) on dyslipidemia induced by Triton and Cocos nucifera saturated fat (GSC) in Wistar rats. Methodology: The induction of dyslipidemia was performed in two models: in the first, 2 mL of GSC were administered orally, while in the second induction model Triton was used at a dose of 150 mg / kg intraperitoneally, in both animals the animals were treated with ORO (100 mg / kg) and NEORO (500 μg / kg).Then, blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis; after animals were euthanized, their organs and abdominal fat were removed for analysis, and the aorta was assessed through MEV for atheromatous processes. Statistical analysis was performed using the software GraphPad Prism (7.0), values were represented as a mean and standard deviation. Results and Discussion: In the phytochemical evaluation of ORO, the major compounds detected by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) shows the presence of α-pinene (8.13%), limonene (21.99%), 1,8-cineole (33.70%), and camphor (27.68%). Triton-induced dyslipidemia led to a significant increase of total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides. Groups treated with ORO and NEORO had a significant decrease in total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides, just as the group treated with simvastatin (SIN). GSC-induced dyslipidemia resulted in an increased amount of abdominal fat, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglyceridemia, increased levels of LDL, and atheromatous process formation in the aorta. All treated groups (ORO+GSC, NEORO+GSC, SIN+GSC) had a significant decrease of hypercholesterolemia, hyperglyceridemia, abdominal fat, and inhibition of atheromatous process formation in the vascular endothelium.Conclusion: The results reported in this study evidence that treatment either with ORO or NEORO exerts anti-dyslipidemic and anti-atherogenic effects in the tested models