Estudos de alternativas locacionais para implantação de aterro sanitário no Município de Macapá

Abstract

The generation of Urban Solid Waste (MSW) and its proper management is a challenge for any society. The negative influence of poor MSW management techniques at all stages creates the need to develop adequate environmental, social and economic management systems. The implementation of works for the final disposal of garbage required, as a previous step, the elaboration of sanitary norms to regulate public entities and the availability of spaces destined to the accumulation of garbage in Macapá, in the State of Amapá. Urban Solid Waste Management (MSW) in the city continues to be unfavorable in all stages included in management. Taking these shortcomings into account, we proposed as the general objective of this work to select a reduced number of areas suitable for a sanitary landfill, within municipal limits. Three approaches (environmental, social and economic) were applied to deal with locational alternatives for the sanitary landfill project in the city of Macapá, differentiated by the significance of the elements, which are considered essential to the studies. The results showed that for the correct decision-making in waste management, it is necessary to know the present and future impacts of waste generation, selective collection and final disposal. Estimates that do not take into account the characteristics of waste production can lead to the capacity of waste treatment plants being exceeded with the consequent economic increase. Solid waste buried in the landfill is subject to a series of simultaneous biological, physical and chemical changes. The biological degradation of the organic components starts under aerobic conditions, consuming the air trapped inside the filling; when oxygen is depleted, long-term decomposition remains under anaerobic conditions. Waste degradation is influenced by the degree of compaction, composition of Urban Solid Waste, humidity and temperature; The gas production rate is the main indicator of biological reactions in a landfill. The stabilization time of the residues depends on the intensity of the biological processes; to reach an "inert" state of waste deposited in a traditional landfill. In general, to assess the operation of the landfill, compliance with applicable emission and environmental quality standards and the study or declaration of environmental impact must be monitored. Monitoring of groundwater and biogas should include a period after the decommissioning phase, generally until concentrations are below those indicated by regulations. Taking into account all these long periods to achieve the stabilization of organic matter in landfills, it is necessary to influence and promote the acceleration of these anaerobic phenomena, studying the recirculation of leachate and operating landfills as biodigesters; taking advantage of the biogas generated in them.