Prevalência de excesso de peso e nível de inatividade física em adolescente de escolas em comunidades Quilombolas e fatores associados

Abstract

The World Health Organization has drawn attention to the alarming growth of global overweight allied to the high prevalence of physical inactivity at all stages of life. It is noteworthy that obesity in adolescents has almost tripled in the last ten years, increasing the risk of developing chronic non-communicable diseases, and the complexity of factors related to weight gain should be considered. Objective: To determine the prevalence of overweight and physical inactivity in students from quilombola schools and to identify the associated factors. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a sample of n = 306 adolescents from quilombola state schools, aged between 10 and 19 years old, both boys and girls, attending primary and secondary education. The independent variables were obtained through questionnaires with socio-demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral and alimentary data, whereas the dependent variables were the physical activity levels <300 minutes per week, established by the IPAQ short version, and weight and height measurement for calculation of the Index Body Mass Index - BMI, established through World Health Organization cut points that establishes overweight as BMI> 25 kg / m2. Statistical analyzes were performed by the SPSS program using chi-square tests to verify associations between variables and simple logistic regression for associations with positive p-value (<0.05). The research was submitted to an ethics committee and accepted according to approval opinion n °78919617.3.0000.0003. Results: A prevalence of overweight of 19.3% (CI: 95%) and 46% for physical inactivity were identified, rates considered high among the adolescents studied. For overweight there were positive associations with alcoholic beverages (p = 0.03), self-evaluation of active behavior (p = 0.01), number of residents per household (p = 0.03) and diets of the fashion (p = 0.01). In relation to physical inactivity were significant for the categories: age group of 17 to 19 years (p = 0.04), type of displacement to school (p = 0.04) and time of breastfeeding (p = 0.01). The other independent variables studied did not show significant associations. Conclusions: The results showed a high prevalence for overweight and physical inactivity, calling attention to the risk of these individuals developing other chronic diseases associated in their adult life. In addition, there was a strong social and food insecurity, that is, individuals close to the poverty line, but WHO presented high rates of overweight, this may be due to the fact that caloric foods and with low nutritional value, public policies aimed at this public should be mainly in relation to their lifestyle. These results may be associated with the age of adolescence, and also indicate the need to carry out educational actions, mainly on feeding, physical activity and prevention of excessive alcohol use among this population