Avaliação da atividade protetora solar in vitro das espécies pau-mulato (Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth.) Hook. f. ex K. Schum) e ipê-amarelo (Tabebuia aurea (Silva Manso) Benth. & Hook. f. ex S. Moore)

Abstract

Intense exposure to ultraviolet rays cause serious damage to the body, if not take proper care, such as sunburn, premature aging, skin cancer, etc. The effects on human health due to solar action are for the most cumulative and irreversible, making it necessary to use preparations for topical use, containing sunscreens, known as sunscreens and can be chemical and physical. The species Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth.) Hook. f. ex K. Schum belongs to Rubiaceae family, is popularly known as pau-mulatto. In folk medicine it is used as healing, antifungal, antibacterial, in removing skin blemishes and wrinkles prevention. The species Tabebuia aurea (Silva Manso) Benth. & Hook. f. ex S. Moore belongs to Bignoniaceae family, is popularly known as ipe-yellow. In folk medicine it is used as anti-anemic, antirheumatic, diuretic, expectorant, stomach problems and liver. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective solar activity by the method of Mansur et al. (1986a), through spectrophotometric analysis and the calculation of the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) in vitro in the range of 290 to 320nm (UVB) of crude extracts of the stem bark and leaves Calycophyllum spruceanum and Tabebuia aurea and incorporated into the emulsion O/W and carbopol gel, using ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol as a diluting solvent. Preliminary phytochemical analysis were detected the presence of catechin tannins, alkaloids, and Depsides depsidonas to all extracts, flavonoids in the bark of C. spruceanum, steroids and triterpenoids in the bark and leaves of T. aurea and coumarin in the leaves of C. spruceanum and T. aurea. All spectrophotometric analyzes, for all the samples present absorbance in the UVB region (290-320), and patterning the concentrations used in this study, only the crude extract of the bark of C. spruceanum, incorporated in the emulsion (E + EBCCs), diluted in Ethanol, presented SPF = 5.99, the crude extracts of C. spruceanum bark (EBCCs) presented SPF = 6.74, the T. aurea bark (EBCTa) presented SPF = 7.09, leaf T. aurea (EBFTa) showed SPF = 6.24, diluted in isopropyl alcohol and crude extracts incorporated in the emulsion, such as C. spruceanum leaf (E + EBFCs) showed that SPF = 5.59, bark T. aurea (E + EBCTa) who presented SPF = 5.80 and the T. aurea leaf (E + EBFTa) with SPF = 6.02, satisfactory, according to Resolution - RDC No. 30 of ANVISA (BRAZIL, 2012) which it recommends to be considered potential sunscreen SPF should be equal to or greater than 6 (FPS≥6), demonstrating that these extracts have a likely sunscreen activity and can be used as natural sunscreen possible isolated and / or incorporated in the emulsion, or as enhancer of other formulations