Avaliação da atividade em Aedes aegypti, estudo fitoquímico qualitativo e antioxidante do extrato bruto etanólico da espécie Spondia dulcis Parkinson (Anacardiaceae)

Abstract

Spondia dulcis Parkinson is a plant belonging to the Anacardiaceae family, popularly known as cajarana, cashew mango. The cajarana tree is 8 - 18 m tall, the leaves are concentrated at the top of the branches, with 11 - 13 aromatic leaflets being popularly used as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antidiarrheal. Plants of this family are potential biocides in the control of Aedes aegypti. The objective of this research was to evaluate larvicidal activity, qualitative phytochemical prospecting and antioxidant activity evaluation from the leaves of the ethanolic crude extract of the species Spondia dulcis Parkinson. During the phytochemical screening of the ethanolic crude extract, the research evaluated the presence of 14 classes of secondary metabolites. The search for such classes may justify some possible biological activities, such as larvicide of the plant species. From this research project the following results were found: 59g of crude extract was obtained, phytochemical prospecting indicated the presence of the following groups of secondary metabolites: alkaloids, steroids and triterpenoids, phenols and tannins, flavonoids and foam saponins in the ethanolic crude extract. Regarding the larvicidal activity, it presented a LC50 of 24.19 µg. mL -1 for 24h as well as LC50 of 18.931 µg. mL-1 for 48h of larval exposure, the extract was able to kill in 24h 93.33% and in 48h 97.33% of exposed individuals. These results indicate good larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti larvae, caused by the presence of saponins, tannins and alkaloids that act to interrupt larval development and food absorption, in addition to other harmful actions. The crude ethanolic extract showed no antioxidant activity using ascorbic acid IC50: 6.13 µg. mL-1 as a comparison to verify such activity by the DPPH method, presenting IC50: 6.065 µg. mL-1, with a result below the positive control. Thus, the studied species presented larvicidal potential, photochemical prospecting presented satisfactory results and antioxidant activity did not present satisfactory results