Fatores de risco preditivos para Neuropatia e Doença Arterial Periférica em pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetic foot syndrome is one of the most significant complications of DM, diabetic peripheral neuropathy and peripheral arterial disease play a central role in this process. Objective: To investigate the main predictive risk factors for diabetic neuropathy and peripheral arterial disease in adults and elderly people with Diabetes Mellitus. Methods: Descriptive observational epidemiological study, carried out in four municipalities in the state of Amapá, with people with diabetes being followed up in Primary Care. Data collection took place through screening tests for neuropathy and arterial disease. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and binary logistic regression. The association between variables was applied to the Odds Ratio. Results: 392 people participated. In the logistic regression analysis, male gender (OR=2.606, p<0.001), physical inactivity or physical activity once a week (OR=0.255, p=0.002), time since diabetes diagnosis (OR=1.828, p< 0.001) and blood glucose levels (OR=1.002, p=0.026) increase the risk of developing neuropathy. For arterial disease, in the logistic regression analysis, increased age (OR=1.419, p=0.019), physical inactivity or physical activity once a week (OR=0.282, p=0.013) and diagnosis of hypertension (OR=2.835 , p=0.013) represent a risk for developing arterial disease. Conclusions: Variables contained in the sociodemographic, clinical profile and lifestyle habits influence the risk for developing neuropathy and/or peripheral arterial disease, highlighting the importance of implementing screening protocols in primary health care.