Caracterização morfológica e da produção de frutos de populações de açaizeiros estabelecidas em Mazagão-Amapá

Abstract

The açaizeiros, especially the Euterpe oleracea Mart. species, are detachable elements of floodplain forests. Economically açai has become a main source of income in the region, which has aroused the interest bordering on a higher cultivation and management. However, some of these planting using seeds with unknown origins. So if you search through studies the development or selection of cultivars with the best features, which is made possible by the genetic improvement of the species. Therefore, through studies, we seek the development or selection of cultivars with the best features, which is made possible by the genetic improvement of the species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics and production of fruit populations açaizeiros established in Mazagão - AP. The study was divided into two stages. The first sought to identify the phenotypic diversity of açai individuals from a mass selection within the BRS Pará, which is at Embrapa Amapá / Mazagão - Firm Land. The second evaluated the phenotypic variability of two populations of Euterpe oleracea, in an area of Embrapa Amapá / Mazagão - Foodplain. In characterizing the population of firm land was used 21 descriptors, which were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Pearson correlations. For the characterization of floodplain populations were evaluated 14 descriptors, by analysis of variance and dispersions by boxplot. The results observed in firm land population showed that the average values in the range of six to twelve months after planting were higher for the total length of the leaf, number of leaflets pairs of leaves and tillers. By contrast the height, diameter height the collar, internode length and diameter at breast height showed higher increment from twelve months after planting. With the growth of the plant all those characters had decreased in their coefficients of variation. Already the related values fruit and bunches exhibited as highlight the pulp yield of 24.86%. In the correlation of the characters was observed that the association between height and diameter were high, however, these two characters showed weak association in relation to the length of internodes. The results observed in populations of floodplain in turn, showed significant differences (p <0.01) between the two populations for almost all characters. The mean values of height, internode length and diameter were higher than for the population 1. Already the events of flowering and fruiting were displayed in the population 1 in two periods of the year, while the population 2, flowering was in the rainy season (January - June), and fruiting was in the dry season (July to December). Regarding the dispersion, it was noted that they occur substantially in a greater proportion in the months of peaks (higher emission) of characters of each population. Thus, it was concluded that the firm land population phenotypic variations there are still, which allows a new mass selection; and in floodplain populations, populations 1 and 2 when implanted in the same area produce fruit practically all year