Análise de fatores relacionados com tempo de internação hospitalar em lactentes com bronquiolite viral aguda em um hospital pediátrico em Macapá: coorte retrospectiva

Abstract

Introduction: Acute Viral Bronchiolitis (AVB) is one of the most common types of respiratory viral infections in the lower airway, affecting children under two years of age. Risk factors have a greater predisposition to hospitalization in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) and prolonged hospitalization time. Objectives: To analyze epidemiological, clinical and severity aspects in infants hospitalized with AVB. Methods: Observational study with infants aged 0 to 24 months, hospitalized with AVB between January 2020 and August 2021, in a pediatric hospital in northern Brazil. Demographic, clinical, and hospitalization-related data were analyzed using the SPSS 26.0 program. The chis-quare test was used for the association between gender and the need for PICUs and the Mann Whitney test for the presence of comorbidities and length of hospital stay. Kendall's correlation coefficients for the possibility and magnitude of the relationship between birth weight and age with total length of hospital stay. Contingency tables were created for the association between the variables of presence of bacterial pneumonia and length of stay in the hospital for more than three days. For all analyses, a significance level of 5% was considered. Results: There was an association between the presence of comorbidity (p<0.022) and birth weight less than 2500g (B = -0.15;p< 0.046) with time of hospitalization. The presence of bacterial pulmonary pneumonia was higher among infants with more than three days of hospitalization and in need of oxygen therapy. And the male gender was related to the stay in the PICU(p<0.007). Conclusion: More studies are necessary and important to know the profile of children with AVB in the city of Macapá, so that there are measures for the prevention and management of the disease in the pediatric and Amapá population.