Desenvolvimento de esponjas à base de gelatina/gantrez carregadas com ácido elágico para o manejo de feridas

Abstract

The function of the skin is to protect the body, when its integrity is lost, the controlled healing process is imperative. The wound dressings protect the wound and aid healing through mechanical protection, stimulation of external cells, absorption of exudates, and associated antimicrobial effects. Biopolymers are used in the composition of platforms for wound dressings to provide an adequate microenvironment, favoring re-epithelialization. Therefore, the objective of this work was to develop sponges from blends of gelatin (GEL) – poly (methyl vinyl ether co-maleic anhydride) (GAN), loaded with ellagic acid for wound management. Initially, pre-formulation was carried out to obtain the best blends for the incorporation of the active ingredient. Three compositions were selected: F46%GEL54%GAN, F50%GEL50%GAN and F53%GEL47%GAN, being evaluated for the existence of chemical bonds. The sponges were obtained by mixing, homogenizing and lyophilizing aqueous dispersions of GEL-GAN, followed by the incorporation of ellagic acid and evaluated for uniformity, disintegration, bioadhesion, sorption and solubility, permeation to water vapor, active release and activity. antimicrobial. Through the FTIR spectrum, one can see the formation of an ester group at 1740 cm−1, formed from the -OH groups of gelatin and the carboxylic acid of Gantrez®. The sponges had an average thickness between 2.4-2.7 mm (blanks) and 1.7-2.0 mm (loaded), homogeneous appearance, adequate resistance, and hydrophilic surface, with a contact angle between 53-63º (blanks). and 43-54º (loaded). When moistened at 25°C, they acquired bioadhesive properties and became malleable. The loaded sponges showed water sorption between 300 and 500%, a substantial increase in swelling capacity after incorporation of the active since the blanks sponges showed values between 100 and 200%. Furthermore, solubility in aqueous media was limited to 20 to 40%. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed microporous structures in the blank sponges and denser and more uniform in the loaded ones, which could explain the greater permeability to water vapor of the former. Furthermore, the loaded formulations demonstrated a release of ellagic acid between 30.31 and 42.71%, as well as satisfactory antimicrobial activity. Thus, the sponges presented favorable functional characteristics for their use as a platform for dressings, and may offer a new strategy for the treatment of wounds