Fronteiras entre a etnicidade e a nacionalidade: as vivências dos indígenas urbanos e em contexto urbano da cidade de Oiapoque

Abstract

In the city of Oiapoque in the state of Amapá, 592 km from the capital Macapá, which borders the international border with French Guiana, there is the presence of the indigenous communities Palikur, Galibi Marworno, Karipuna and Galibi Kalinã, who live between Brazilian indigenous lands and municipalities French, using the city of Oiapoque as a gateway to both points of reference, and also establish themselves there, above all by the search for quality public health, income and education, constituting their life strategies in the urban environment and seeking stability and better conditions, fully achieved in the villages. Using ethnographic procedures, based on semi-structured interviews with indigenous residents of the city of Oiapoque, FUNAI public agents in the municipality, indigenous students from the UNIFAP Indigenous Intercultural Degree course, teachers and managers of public schools that receive indigenous students in the city, agents public health and security (police) and bibliographic research on the indigenous presence in urban areas of Brazil and in South American countries, in addition to bibliographies about the indigenous people of the region, for a better understanding of cultural practices, community life in indigenous lands and in the city of Oiapoque, this technical report proposes an analysis of the motivations of indigenous people to settle or remain in constant mobility in urban areas, their daily experiences, and how they use social networks with institutions and ethnic relatives living in the villages, in addition to the role of ethnic identity, in the everyday life maintenance in urban spaces. From the theoretical contribution and the readings, it is concluded that the existence of networks and their maintenance are preponderant for urban life, because even with the principle of establishment in the city, in the molds that the daily life of the region requires, mobility between city and villages are inextricably linked to the search for basic resources for indigenous life in Oiapoque and the full enjoyment of social and ethnic rights of indigenous people in Brazil, however, as a rule, there is an invisibility in relation to their rights, which assist them to the full in urban environments. The production of the technical-scientific report on urban indigenous people and in the urban context of the city of Oiapoque aims to contribute to discussions regarding the indigenous presence in cities, especially by proposing discussions about the specificities of cities on international frontiers in the Amazon, a theme that has not contemplated by the local historiography, and mainly a more detailed discussion about the rights and their activation by the urban indigenous people and in the urban context of Oiapoque. As an intervention project, a model for the production of social cartography by the indigenous residents of the city of Oiapoque is proposed, aimed at problematizing the boundaries established by the state in triggering ethnic rights, in addition to proposing a method for the performance of urban indigenous people in discussions about public policies aimed at indigenous people in the city.