Análise dos fatores de risco para doença cardiovascular em mototaxistas no município de Macapá

Abstract

Chronic diseases are a global health problem and are considered a threat to human health and development, especially in developing countries. Cardiovascular diseases are the main causes of death in Brazil, and are related to multifactorial situations. The main risk factors for these diseases are hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, alcoholism and diabetes. Objective of the study was to analyze risk factors for cardiovascular disease in motorcycle taxi drivers. The research is descriptive, exploratory, quantitative approach, and cross-sectional. It used a convenience sample, a 5% sample interval and a 95% level, a sample consisting of 274 motorcycle taxi drivers. A questionnaire with closed questions was used that included sociodemographic aspects, working conditions and health, anthropometric data. The data collected were tabulated Microsoft Office Excel version 2010, analyzed in the SPSS program (Version 22.0), was used in absolute and relative frequencies, continuous data in mean and standard deviation, the Spearman correlation Kolmogorov-Smirnov test used square, logistic and Fischer exact regression. According to the results, 274 motorcycle taxi drivers with an average age of 41.1 years were evaluated. 98.9% (271) are adults aged ≤ 60 years, 54% reported being brown, 45.6% complete high school, 42.3% have marital status of stable union, 12.4% reported Systemic Arterial Hypertension, 8% use some medication, 86.5% (237) do not smoke, 51.8% (142) drink alcohol, 83.6% (229) have 4-8 hours of sleep and rest daily, 60% (170) of the participants eat 4-6 meals, 69.9% (167) do not consume canned / inlaid, consume 86.1 % (236) fruit and vegetables and 96% (263) eat beans regularly, fried foods 86.1% (236), sweet foods 68.9% (188), fat meat 78.8% (216), soda and / or artificial juice 66.8% (183), do not exchange the meal for snacks 68.6% (180), do not perform physical activity / exercise (a) 69.2% (189), perform their work activity in both morning / afternoon shifts 59.1% (162), executi daily work in ten hours or more 55.8% (153), are permission-holders 77.7% (213), BMI averaged 29.18, overweight 45.7% (125), obesity 37.2% (102), 71.1% (n = 195) with waist circumference measured above ≥94cm, 80.6% (221) with WHR above> 90, 35.4% (97) had high blood pressure. Significant association was found in Religion (p-value: 0.000), Marital Status (P-value: 0.005) and Alcohol consumption; region (p-value: 0.046), marital status (P-value: 0.013) and hypertension; Region (p-value: 0.000) with diabetes and dyslipidemia; Southeast and Midwest are, respectively, 3.6% and 2.4% more likely to have diabetes than those from the North; physical activity / exercise practice (a) (p-value: 0.000) and waist / hip ratio; physical activity / exercise (a) (p-value: 0.000), type of activity (p-value: 0.001) and waist circumference; fried foods (p-value: 0.040) and waist / hip ratio; working hours (p-value 0.030) and waist circumference; working hours (p-value 0.000) and RCQ. This study reinforces the need for health promotion and disease and health prevention measures to reduce exposure to risk factors and improve the quality of life of motorcycle taxi drivers in Macapá.