Qualidade de vida de pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus em seguimento na estratégia saúde da família

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the chronic noncommunicable diseases that is increasingly reaching population in general and in large proportions, being considered as a public health problem. The time of evolution of this disease tends to deteriorate health state and this provokes arising complications caused by a inadequate glycemic control, possibly leading to a decrease in the quality of life of the person with DM. This study has as a objective evaluate the QV of people with DM in follow-up in the Family Health Strategy (ESF) teams in the city of Macapá-AP. a descriptive exploratory study with transversal delineating and a quantitative approach was carried out with 308 people with DM in attendance in 68 ESF teams, a sample composed by a random sample stratified with proportional sharing, and included people aged 18 years or over, of both genders, all with type 2 DM. The data were collected using two instruments, one composed of sociodemographic and clinical variables and the other for evaluation of QV, the Diabetes Assessment Tool 39 (D-39). Predominance of female individuals, aged 60 to 69 years (n=95;31%), average of 60.6 years, married (n=148;48%), retired (n=106;34%), with income of 1 to 3 minimum wages (n=221;72%) and with incomplete elementar school (n=123;40%). The most don’t practice physical exercise (n=225;73%), but deny alcoholism and/or smoking (n=195;63%). The prevalent comorbidity was hypertension (n=172;56%), with a DM diagnosis time of more than 10 years (n=119;39%), presenting inadequate glycemic control (n=198;64%), with a mean glucose level of 218 mg / dl. At the evaluation of QV, the domain anxiety and worry was the most affected (40.2±11), being the domains social overload (10.7±9.8) and sexual functioning (19±16) with the lowest scores. Women had a higher QV than men with average24±23 e 23±18 respectively. The youngest patients had the most affected QV in the DM control domains -0.2 (0.002), anxiety and worry 0.1 (0.009), social overload -0.1 (0.0001), sexual functioning -0.2 (0.0001) and total score -0.1 (0.02). And those with random glycemia outside the therapeutic target 0.1 (<0.05), the sexual functioning 0.2 (0.04) and severity of DM 0.1 (<0.05) , were most affected. Therefore, knowing the profile and assessing the QV of people with DM is paramount for the planning of health promotion actions carried out by a multiprofessional team aimed at this public, mainly in the field of primary health care