Perfil clínico-epidemiológico de acidentes ofídicos registrados no Estado do Amapá e análise de similaridade com os demais Estados da Região Norte

Abstract

Ophthalmic accidents are a neglected public health problem in several regions, especially in South American countries, with Brazil being mainly responsible for the high number of records on the continent. The present study presents the clinical and epidemiological profile of snakebites registered at the Emergency Hospital of Macapá (HE) and those registered in the Amapá Disease Notification Information System (SINAN-AP), verifying similarity in the number of accidents occurred between the municipalities of Amapá and the other States of the North Region of the country. This is a retrospective epidemiological investigation, by documentary survey and consultation of the SINAN database, referring to accidents recorded in the period from 2014 to 2017, with simple descriptive statistical analysis and cluster analysis for verification of representativity of the similarity matrix. There was a decrease in the number of stinging accident records attended at the Macapá Emergency Hospital and in the state of Amapá within the defined period. The clinical-epidemiological profile of the accidents recorded in HH was characterized by the higher incidence of brown people in the amapaense capital, men, aged equal to or greater than 20 years, the lower limbs being more affected, presenting edema and pain as a more frequent sign and symptom, necrosis as the most incident complication; caused mainly by the snake of the genus Bothrops and with the time between the sting until the attendance greater than 3 hours until 6 hours. The profile found in the SINAN-AP accidents was differentiated in the educational variables, with a higher incidence in people without schooling; municipality of occurrence, with the municipalities in the interior being the most incident, and in the time of care, greater than 1 hours up to 3 hours. As for the number of accidents, it was observed a greater similarity between the municipalities of the interior of the state, compared with the capital, and between the states of Amapá and Roraima. A considerable amount of information was ignored, according to the records, in the completion of the notification form, generating unreliable statistical data to be used in the adoption of public policies to prevent and provide adequate hospital support