Potencialidade dos quintais agloflorestais como estratégia de manutenção da agricultura familiar no meio rural : o caso da Comunidade do Ajudante, Mazagão, Amapá

Abstract

The agroforestry systems are one of the most popular in the Brazilian Amazon, this area around the house provides production of food for family subsistence and income generation, it also favors the conservation of local agrobiodiversity. This research aimed to identify the productive potential of agroforestry yards and its contribution to the local development and maintenance of family farmers in Comunidade do Ajudante, situated in Mazagão-AP-Brazil. The job involved 17 rural family farmers located about 56 km away from the capital of the State of Amapá, Macapá, between the geographic coordinates 0°10'28.1"S and 51°24'40.0"W. To carry out the survey of socioeconomic data of the families and the list of all cultivated species, with their respective uses and growth habits, in the agroforestry yards, it was used the ethnographic method of participant observation, as well as formal and informal interviews. The botanical material was collected using the usual techniques for collecting field material, then both relative and absolute frequency was calculated. The average age of the interviewees is 49 years, the majority being female. It was observed the average of 3 people per household. The income per month varies between 1 to 7 minimum salary; and about 58,82% of the maintainers obtain income from the agroforestry yards. The average size of the yards is 4 hectares, and the cultural practices are weeding, pruning, organic fertilizer, also agrochemical for ant control. There is small animal breeding. There were 73 species in 33 families. The families with the greatest number of species were: Lamiaceae, Aracaceae, Rutaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Anacardiaceae, Liliaceae and Malvaceae. The most frequent categories of use were medicinal, food, spice, ornamental and logging. The main difficulty to the development of agricultural production in backyards is lack of water. The agroforestry yards reflect the origin of the families, the socioeconomic and cultural situations of their managers