Qualidade de vida de pessoas em terapia renal substitutiva hemodialítica no Estado do Amapá

Abstract

Introduction: kidney chronic disease is considered a global public health problem. Changes in the lifestyle of a person submitted to hemodialysis cause physical, psychological, family and social constraints, hindering health-related quality of life. General Objective: to assess the quality of life of people suffering from chronic kidney disease submitted to Kidney Replacement Therapy. Method: descriptive, exploratory, cross- sectional research study, quantitative approach, developed in a nephrology center in the municipality of Macapá, Amapá State, Brazil, between September and December, 2016. The studied population comprised 123 adults. Data were collected by means of an interview applied by the researcher in the setting of the study. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were investigated by means of an instrument to characterize them; a Kidney Disease and Quality-of-Life Short-Form (KDQOL-SFTM) Scale was also applied to assess the Related Quality of Life. For the inferential and descriptive statistical analysis, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 22 for Windows was used. Results: prevalence of males (70.7%), mixed race (61.0%), born in Amapá State (58.5%), and living in Macapá- Amapá State, Brazil (80.5%), mostly single (39.0%), Incomplete Middle School – 1st to 9th grades - (41.5%), governmental financial assistance (66.7%), and family income up to one minimum wage (48.8%). They are ex-smokers (71 – 57.7%); former alcoholics (48 – 39.0%); and 10 (8.1%) reported other drugs use. They exercise (42.3%). Only 35.0% of them have undergone hemodialysis therapy for over five years. About 46.8% presented BMI ≥ 25.0. Evidenced comorbidities in 83.7%, Arterial Hypertension (75.6%) and Diabetes Mellitus (39.0%). Hematocrit (29.6) and hemoglobin (10.0). Urea (137.6) and creatinine (11.0). ESRD/(KDQOLSFTM) dimensions with the highest mean values for the cognitive function (M = 88.73), quality of social interaction (M = 87.26), sexual function (M = 87.05) and social support (M = 81.84). The lowest mean values were verified as follows: the burden of kidney disease (M = 48.42) and work status (M = 28.86). Applying the SF- 36, the highest mean values were scored by the dimensions as follows: emotional well-being (M = 77.56), social function (M = 77.34), pain (M = 68.80) and energy/fatigue (M = 66.06). And low mean scores for the dimensions: emotional role (43.36), physical functioning (35.98) and physical role (29.07). Among the correlations, the subjects who exercise evidence better levels of: sleep, physical functioning, physical role and energy/fatigue. BMI is negatively correlated with sexual function and sleep. Conclusion: the KDQOL-SFTM dimensions which stood out in the investigated population were cognitive function, quality of social interaction, sexual function and social support