Avaliação da contaminação por metais não essenciais em duas espécies de peixes predadoras e na água do Rio Amapari, Estado do Amapá

Abstract

The pollution of soil and aquatic systems by heavy metals is a factor that influences environmental quality and constitutes a near danger of human intoxication. Over the years, several studies have been conducted to evaluate the possible environmental impacts associated with the increased concentration of heavy metals in the environment. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the presence of Zn, Cu, Fe, Hg, Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb and Mn in the water and in the muscles, gills, livers and gonads of the fish species Boulengerella cuvieri and Hoplias aimara, popularly known as pirapucu and trairão, from the Amapari River basin, a tributary of the Araguari River, Amapá State, Brazil. The collection occurred in the month of September 2021, where water was collected from 10 points in the river and 74 fish samples were collected for metals analysis. Two devices were used for the analyses, a digester tube and an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, model AA7000) with flame atomization. Among the metals analyzed in the water, those that presented non-compliance with the resolutions CONAMA (357/2005) obtained the following concentrations (mean ± standard deviation) of Cd (0.005±0. 000), Cu ranged (0.060±0.000 to 0.075±0.007), Hg ranged (0.0005±0.000 to 0.0006±0.000), Mn ranged (0.080±0.000 to 0.100±0.000), Pb ranged (0.080±0.000 to 0.090±0.000) and Zn which ranged (0.180±0.000 to 0.190±0.014). For tissues, of all metals analyzed, Cd showed high concentrations in different organs of fish B. cuvieri and H. aimara, being more significant in muscles, gills, livers and gonads, while Pb was present in livers and gonads, exceeding the limits stipulated by legislation ANVISA (2013/2021), indicating contamination in the aquatic environment. Such results allow us to infer that the consumption of water and fish can endanger the health of the local population and riverside communities. In this sense, it is necessary to take actions to mitigate the processes and sources of pollution of the aquatic environment.