O direito à educação negado: um estudo na Promotoria de Justiça de Defesa da Educação da Comarca de Macapá (2015-2024)

Abstract

This research aims to characterize the extrajudicial procedures formalized between 2015 and 2024 at the Public Prosecutor’s Office for the Defense of Education in the District of Macapá (PJDE), which reflect situations of denial of the right to education. The study focuses on instances where the right to education was denied, analyzed through electronic extrajudicial procedures initiated by the prosecutor’s office. These are considered concrete manifestations of the contradictions between the legal frameworks that guarantee the right to education and the recurrent violations observed within the context of local educational policy. A qualitative approach is adopted, with emphasis on documentary analysis, combining empirical categorization with interpretative analysis. The corpus consists of electronic records of procedures from the Public Prosecutor’s Office of the State of Amapá (MPAP), organized according to predefined methodological criteria and analyzed based on thematic categories developed from recurring patterns in the data. The results indicate a predominance of individual demands, originating from socially vulnerable territories, which reveal a shift in the responsibility for ensuring the right to education onto the individuals themselves. The low incidence of collective demands points to weaknesses in organized forms of advocacy, fostering individualized accountability and contributing to the invisibilization of groups historically affected by such denial. The categories analyzed—such as access, permanence, quality, management, and violence—made it possible to identify the recurring focal points of violations and the structural dimensions of the inequalities faced. The PJDE’s actions, although legally supported, proved to be centered on a fragmented reception of demands, without articulation with the structural processes of public policy.