O uso de obras literárias nos anos finais do ensino fundamental como possibilidade pedagógica para o ensino da história e cultura afro-brasileira e afro-amapaense

Abstract

Building an anti-racist education system in Brazil requires the involvement of everyone who makes up the country's educational structure. However, it is important that the state intervenes effectively to create policies that meet the demands of racially inclusive education. Making literary works available to schools is part of Brazilian educational policy, and this action is managed by the National Book and Teaching Material Program (PNLD/FNDE/MEC), which, through the PNLD Literary Program, sends the country's public schools literature with a wide variety of approaches, including those dealing with Afro-Brazilian history and culture. Literature, as well as cinema and music, can be an important pedagogical tool for history teachers to discuss the racial issue with their students, drawing from poetry, short stories and chronicles historiographical elements that highlight the role of black people in national and local (Amapá) historical construction. Therefore, based on the connection between History and Literature, the main objective of this study is to build a Thematic Notebook focused on the use of Afro-Brazilian and Afro-Amapa literature in History Teaching, showing history teachers in the final years of elementary school the pedagogical possibility of using literature to discuss the history of black people in Brazil and Amapá with their students. The study is developed from the perspective of qualitative research, through bibliographical research, with the analysis of works by authors/authors who talk about racism in Brazil, the anti-racist Laws 10.639/03 and 11.645/08 and their reflexes in the Brazilian educational system since their sanctions, textbooks and paradidactic books, use of Afro-Brazilian and Afro-Amapa literature in History Teaching, In addition, an analysis was made of the collection belonging to the PNLD Literary edition 2020, aimed at the Final Years of Elementary School, verifying the number of works that deal with the History of black people in Brazil, in addition to the number of black authors related to these works. Documentary research was also used by reading and analyzing the following documents: Laws 10.639/03 and 11.645/08, National Curriculum Guidelines for Ethnic-Racial Education and for the Teaching of Afro-Brazilian and African History and Culture (2004), National Implementation Plans for these Guidelines (2013), BNCC and the History curriculum, PNLD notices and State Law No. 1.196/08. As a result, the study identified that the MEC provides literary works that deal with the history of black people in Brazil, albeit in a small number. In a regional approach, it was found that the state of Amapá has authors who deal with local black issues, but these works are not available in Amapá schools. Using these works, it was possible to propose three workshop lessons related to the issue of race and Afro-Brazilian and Afro-Amapaense history and culture as suggested activities for the Thematic Notebook. Finally, the research in question is of great relevance to history teaching, as it provokes history teachers to reflect on the possibility of using literature as a source of historical research and as a teaching methodology.