Cidadania transviada: violência de gênero contra travestis e transexuais em Macapá - AP

Abstract

The central question of the research is to think about the intersection between gender and citizenship in contexts of violence that involve transgender subjects. Transgenderedness will be understood in this dissertation under the terms of Berenice Bento, as an identity experience characterized by conflict with gender norms. It starts from the premise that heterosexuality institutes a binary perception of sexual existences, assuring a symbolic domination that creates a social consensus around the natural character of the genus, that is, defined by the genitalia. The heteronormativity resulting from this condition refers to sexuality in the Brazilian social order, manifesting itself in the heteronormative character of the State, which is expressed in the small volume and non-effectiveness of public policies aimed at protecting the lives of transvestites and transsexuals, whose violence suffered, in the state of Amapá, does not even have official data that allow its dimensioning. From this perspective heteronormativity becomes a frontier that precarizes the access of transgender people to citizenship. The justification of the theme is pressing given the context of extreme violence to which transgender individuals are subjected, especially those who are engaged in street prostitution. The research methodology was initially the focal group, it had to be abandoned due to the difficulty of access to the sources, given the availability of only one of those that would be participants of the group, we chose to study the life trajectory, methodology that allows the analysis of the tissue and social relations established in the city from the history of the life of a single person. For this analysis we used the index method, based on an interpretative practice in the scope of the reduction of the observation scale. As the observed violence does not constitute a public problem for the institutional dimensions of the State, which does not produce systematized data about it, reports produced by non-governmental organizations such as the Grupo Gay of Bahia and Transgender Europe were consulted, safeguarding their indicative character, as they lack the technical refinement required for an academic research. The bibliographical research was done having as a selection criterion the theme of the work, mainly in a theoretical alignment to the slope of transviados studies, in interdisciplinary dialogue with the fields of History, Political Science, Philosophy and Sociology. This dissertation, by proposing a frontier that goes beyond the traditional perspectives of this object, fulfills the proposal of the Post-Graduate Program in Frontier Studies to observe them with heterogeneity and eclecticism, given the cosmopolitanism and existence in the diversity that this object possesses.