Diversidade, ecologia e paridade de anopheles spp (diptera: nematocera: culicidae) e aspectos epidemiológicos da malária humana no município de Mazagão, Amapá, Amazônia Oriental, Brasil

Abstract

The Amazon region has a high diversity of Anopheles species and has the highest rate of malaria infection in Brazil. This study aimed to understand the diversity and ecological aspects of Anopheles spp, as well as to disseminate the epidemiology of malaria in high transmission locations in the Municipality of Mazagão, Amapá, Brazil. The collections of specimens of adult anophelines were carried out in the quarters of January, February and March and July, August and September 2019, corresponding to the most and least rainy periods, respectively in the localities of Piquiazal, Recreio, Mazagão Novo, Vila do Maracá, Pancada do Camaipi and Carvão at a point in the peridomiciliary environment of the residences following the standard protocol recommended by the World Health Organization. Species diversity was estimated using ecological richness, Shannon and Berger-Parkson indices. The parity rate of the species sampled in all locations was known, using the Detinova Technique. Information about the epidemiology of malaria in the municipality of Mazagão in the last five years was obtained by consulting the Surveillance System of the State of Amapá. The vectorial capacity for the transmission of human malaria of the sampled species was related through consultation of scientific works contained in the scientific literature bases of Cielo, LILACS, PUBMED, among others. In all sampled locations, a total of 3,810 specimens of Anopheles spp were collected, belonging to the subgenera Nyssorhyncus and Anopheles with a richness of 12 species, being An. albitarsisi s.l, An. braziliensis, An. darlingi, An. nuneztovari and An. triannulatus the most abundant. The greatest abundance of specimens of the sampled species was observed in the less rainy period. The highest proportion of female individuals of Anopheles species were in the farrowing stage. In all study areas, Anopheles species important in primary, secondary and tertiary transmission of human malaria in the Brazilian Amazon were recorded.