Diagnóstico geoambiental do município de Pedra Branca do Amapari, Amapá

Abstract

The region around the town of Pedra Branca do Amapari, from the beginning of this century, has experienced great economic growth, caused by heating the mineral sector, which culminated with the opening of two mines, one of gold and other of iron. By consequence, has been subjected to a strong process of occupation, which has doubled the existing population in 2000, counted from 4009 habitants to 8182 in 2008. The region for its historic has strong mineral vocation, because once housed one of the largest mining projects in Brazil, the ICOMI project, which explored manganese from 1953 to 1998. Since the departure of ICOMI in 1998, the extractivism has been the basis of the regional economy, characterized mainly by logging and “cipó titica”, along with mining, represented by the mining of gold and tantalite, and small landowners. This territorial occupation occurs dissociated from the principles of a sustainable occupation, without proper environmental management. The fundamental objectives of this study was to provide subsidies to government and private sector, to better manage the city through the development of multi-theme study of the physical and biotic areas called Geoenvironmental Diagnosis of Pedra Branca do Amapari, using data from field work and bibliographic previously undertaken in the region. The diagnosis of the physical environment have become the main tool for the present work, represented by the implementation of the topics of geology, geomorphology, climate, vegetation, water resources use and land cover in addition to the environmental impacts from of human activities. In order to get a sense of human action over the area, it was proceed the identification and analysis of key environmental impacts, which were characterized by processes associated with: mining, deforestation, sedimentation, gullies / ravine, contamination of drainage. The integration of data allows the spatial distribution of areas with natural potential for the task and / or protection and conservation, including areas for further recovery. This integration is presented in a final cartographic product scale of 1: 1.000.000, called Geoenvironmental Diagnosis Pedra Branca do Amapari, comprising five macrocompartiments, called Geo-Environmental Domains: Mountain Ridge Region (1); Hills Region (2); Fluvial Plains (3); Tabular Surfaces (4) and Dissected Plateaus (5), subdivided into eight unities Geoenvironmental, called respectively: Mesas (1a), Tablelands Dissected (1b); Small Hills and Hills (2a); Fluvial Raised Line (3a), Floodplains (3b); Tabular Surfaces (4a), Hills and Small Dissected Hills (4b); Dissected Plateaus Southeast (5b).