Efeito do nutracêutico Chronic® associado à fonoforese com nanogel contendo extrato de Cannabis sativa L. sobre o reparo da lesão muscular em ratos Wistar

Abstract

Introduction: Muscle injuries caused by impact trigger an inflammatory process that may impair tissue repair, making it necessary to investigate therapeutic strategies that promote muscle regeneration. In this context, the use of bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory properties, associated with physiotherapeutic resources capable of enhancing tissue permeation, has shown promising results. Objectives: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential and muscle repair through phonophoresis of a nanoemulsion of Cannabis sativa L. extract (NECS), incorporated into a gel formulation, associated with oral treatment using Bixa orellana L. oil (Chronic®), in an experimental model using Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Chemical analysis was performed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) of the Cannabis sativa L. extract and Bixa orellana L. oil (Chronic®). The NECS was obtained and characterized, presenting a particle size of 104.0 ± 1.3 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.34 ± 0.03, and a zeta potential of 4.48 ± 0.29 mV (30th day), followed by incorporation into a Carbopol® gel. For the experimental induction of traumatic muscle injury in the right gastrocnemius muscle, 30 Wistar rats were divided into seven experimental groups: (1) NOR, without injury induction or treatment; and the remaining groups with injury induction: (2) NTD, no treatment; (3) UST, treated with therapeutic ultrasound; (4) DEX (0.5 mg/kg); (5) NANO (20 mg/kg); (6) NANO+CHR (nanogel at 20 mg/kg plus Chronic® at 250 mg/kg); and (7) CBD (CBD gel at 40 mg/kg). Biochemical and histopathological analyses were subsequently performed. Results: The groups treated with NECS phonophoresis showed significant improvement in the evaluated parameters after six days of treatment, particularly when associated with Chronic®, as evidenced by a significant reduction in creatine kinase levels (≈200 U/L) and C-reactive protein (p < 0.001). Histological analysis revealed a predominance of preserved muscle fibers, indicative of tissue regeneration, along with a mild leukocyte infiltrate in the treated groups. Conclusion: Therefore, the therapeutic model involving the administration of Cannabis sativa L. nanoemulsion associated with Chronic® demonstrated promising results for future applications, since biochemical and histopathological findings indicate that this therapeutic association enhances muscle tissue regeneration, representing a promising strategy for the treatment of muscle injuries.