Caracterização dos acidentes ofídicos atendidos no Hospital de Emergência da cidade de Macapá e mesorregião do Marajó (2013-2021)

Abstract

To describe the epidemiological and demographic profile of snakebite accidents in patients treated at the Macapá Emergency Hospital – AP, Brazil. The study consisted of a cross-sectional epidemiological investigation based on the analysis of all cases of venomous snake poisoning treated at the Emergency Hospital and reported to the National System of Notifications and Diseases –SINAN, of the Ministry of Health, between January 2013 and December 2021. The data obtained from the notification forms were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics in Microsoft Excel (version 2010). A total of 2.609 cases of snakebite accidents were reported to SINAN (from 2013 to 2021) during the study period, with a higher concentration of poisonings in the first half of each year, a period in which the highest rainfall rates occur for the region. The majority of accidents occurred with men (82.37%), aged between 20 and 59 years (51.63%), predominantly caused by snakes of the genus Bothrops with 89.77% of the cases, and the other genera Lachesis, Crotalus and Mucrurus are responsible for 6.21%, 1.03% and 0.46%, respectively, of the accidents. The foot was the most affected region (55.61%) and the municipality of Macapá had a higher incidence of notified patients (54.18%) from Amapá and, of the patients from Pará, 65.10% are from Afuá. Regarding the level of education and race of those affected, 5.65% are illiterate and 54.41% self-declare themselves mulatto. These results demonstrate that the municipality of Macapá follows the profile of snakebite accidents in other Amazonian rural locations, requiring greater attention from health professionals regarding the completion of notification forms and therapeutic protocols dispensed to victims.