Agroextrativismo e desenvolvimento sustentável no Amapá: cenário e perspectivas

Abstract

Agroextractivism is an activity developed in the Amazon region by several families, and in the state of Amapá, it is a means of obtaining income and food for many peasant communities. In the State, subsistence activity is relevant through the extraction of Brazil nuts, açaí and hearts of palm, in addition to other products of plant origin, which, in almost its entirety, is predominantly linked to the production of labor familiar. In this sense, the objective was to know the situation of agroextractivism in the state of Amapá, as well as to analyze the agroextractive activity in the context of sustainable development. As for the methodology, information was collected through bibliographical research, using the 2017 Agricultural Census, scientific articles, reports, monographs and others as sources, to build a theoretical framework for the discussion and analysis of the results found. The state capital, Macapá and the municipalities of Mazagão and Santana stood out in terms of plant extraction and income acquired, with the main products extracted being açaí, Brazil nuts and hearts of palm between 2017 and 2020. The municipality de Mazagão stands out for being contemplated with significant extraction of the three main products mentioned. These resources are collected and processed and/or marketed by families, with rational exploitation of natural resources, valuing the identities and traditional knowledge of agroextractivist populations, with recognition of the role of these populations for environmental conservation, often as the only source of income and food. In this sense, Amapá has this type of exploration as a foundation in the fight against deforestation and environmental preservation, since extractivism maintains protected areas, conducted only with sustainable management, providing income for traditional populations and maintaining the ecological balance. For the activity to continue to promote sustainable local development, it is necessary to balance the pressure of extraction, maintenance and replacement of plant resources, so that they can meet the future needs of traditional populations.