Parâmetros hidráulicos e de qualidade da água em sistema alternativo de tratamento em zona urbana Amazônica

Abstract

Groundwater sources constitute strategic supplies in regions with limited sanitation coverage, particularly in the Amazon, where decentralized solutions can expand access to treated water. This study evaluated the quality of groundwater and treated water in an urban area of the state of Amapá using the SAASI prototype, composed of a tubular well, filter, chlorinator, and a photovoltaic pumping system with variable flow. Between September 2023 and August 2025, physicochemical, microbiological, and hydraulic parameters were monitored and subsequently statistically correlated with seasonal factors and treatment stages. Multivariate analyses showed that operational conditions—including flow rate, head loss, hydraulic stability, and transitions between treatment steps—exerted significant influence on water quality variability, particularly affecting turbidity, total coliforms, and residual chlorine. The likelihood of noncompliance was higher during the rainy season (p<0.05). Although turbidity, color, phosphorus, iron, and manganese exhibited marked variations (p<0.05), the system maintained high chlorination efficiency and consistent hydraulic performance. Despite these limitations, SAASI demonstrated technical and operational feasibility as a social technology, reinforcing the role of decentralized solutions in water security within vulnerable contexts that require adaptive, sustainable, and operationally sensitive approaches for small‑scale systems.