O discurso político no gênero charge: uma análise na perspectiva semiolinguística de Charaudeau

Abstract

In this senior research project it is aimed to discuss the writing construction process with regard to the political discourse contained in the cartoon genre, from the theoretical approach of semiolinguistics. Thus, assuming that a text should not be analyzed only from its formal aspects, but also the cultural socio-historical context in which it is inserted is to be considered, this research analyzes the verbal materiality and semiotics in political cartoons through the idea that these are caricatures of working characters in the area of the country's politics. The caricaturist, in the position of annunciator (Charaudeau, 2008) characterizes these characters in accordance with the everyday events, which builds a discourse capable to express ideologies (PÊCHEUX , 1997), using colors, forms, shapes, expressions, situating this discourse in time, space and era, to satirize specific facts of public knowledge. Five cartoons constitute the corpus of this research, collected from the website Jornal O Globo, related to the period of the presidential elections of 2014 (until the first round), which began on July 6th until on October 5th. The analysis was conducted in the light of theoretical discussions of the Semiolinguistics Analysis of Patrick Charaudeau Discourse (2004, 2006, 2008) and also of Bakhtin studies on ideology. We also use discussions of authors on characterization of cartoon genre and cartooning and Lemke discussions (2010 [1998]) concerning multiplicative meanings of the texts on the relationship between semiosis. The research was developed from the qualitative interpretative approach, which addresses the need that data is not seen/framed on quantitative data, but from a critical and reflective view, but from a critical and reflective view from the language. The results have shown that the cartoon genre as a key tool in the formation of critical readers, needs to be seen/understood in its context of production and also within the space/time and axiological/evaluative horizons of its producer, i.e. the analyzed cartoons brought up nuances of political discourses that portray/show ideologies put not only on the voices of the candidates, but also through the producing author of this genre. This reinforces the idea of Bakhtin (2003) and Charaudeau (2008) that enunciation / statements, embodied in genres and discourses, not passively reflect (as a mirror) the extraverbal situation, as it is in it, understood as its social dimension, that the social character of the statement is constituted and confirmed, i.e. that the work of ideology occurs.