A construção do trickster Makunaíma na visão de povos originários: perspectivismo e identidades

Abstract

The research seeks to analyze the cosmogonic figure Makunaíma, present in twelve of the fifty narratives of the Taulipáng and Arekuná Pemon peoples, collected by the German explorer and ethnologist Theodor Koch-Grünberg. In this sense, the objective is to analyze the construction of Makunaíma's narrative identity, through the examination of original narratives in the light of Amerindian perspectivism, understanding how this construction contributes to symbolic representations in these traditions, promoting a perspective of alterity. To achieve this objective, we seek to: (I) Verify how the conception of Brazil and humanity is established through Amerindian perspectivism; (II) Understand how Makunaíma's narrative identity is constructed according to indigenous narratives in a symbolic of alterity; (III) Investigate the figure of the trickster in the context of Makunaíma's narrative. As a theoretical contribution, we used the concepts of narrative identity by Paul Ricoeur (1991), (1994), the Amerindian perspectivism of Eduardo Viveiros de Castro (1996), (2015) and the figure of the trickster according to Lewis Hyde (2017). The results of this study reveal that Makunaíma is a transformative trickster hero of Pemon culture, as he is complex, ambivalent and paradoxical, playing a relevant role in the transformation and creation of the world as we know it. Thereby, he evokes a symbol of the natural world, due to its identity being focused on changes and transformations, just like nature and its natural phenomena.