Detecção de vírus entéricos, coliformes totais e escherichia coli em água de poços da cidade de Macapá-AP

Abstract

With significant advances in the field of environmental virology, enteric viruses have been recognized as the causative agents of many cases of diseases and outbreaks from contaminated sources of water for consumption, considering the environmental persistence of these agents and the resistance they present to conventional water treatment. This study aimed to detect the presence of enteric virus, total coliforms and Escherichia coli in water from wells in the city of Macapá-Ap due to detection of enteric virus by means of molecular analysis. Samples were collected between November 2016 and March 2017, 2L of water were collected monthly in 16 neighborhoods of the urban area of the city. Three types of virus (Adenovirus, Rotavirus and Norovirus) were analyzed. The viral concentration was performed by the HA membrane adsorption-elution method, followed by reconcentration by ultrafiltration in Amicon Ultra-15. A commercial Qiagen kit was used to obtain viral DNA and RNA. For molecular detection, the Polymerase-Mediated Chain Reaction (conventional PCR) and real-time PCR were used for the detection of norovirus. The positive products of the water samples were submitted to nucleotide sequencing and compared to others obtained in a data batch (GeneBank). Quantification of total coliforms and Escherichia coli were also determined by culture (Colipaper). Human Adenovirus DNA was detected in 152/256 (59.38%) of the samples. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the environmental isolates of this study belonged to species F, subtype 41 (characterized as enteric adenovirus). The high similarity with Brazilian sequences evidences the endemic circulation of HAdV isolates in Brazil. No samples were positive for Norovirus and Rotavirus. The concentrations of total coliforms and E. coli exceeded in every month the limits established by the Ministry of Health (ordinance no. 2914/11). The logistic regression analysis showed that there was no association between the presence of HAdV and the bacteriological parameters of the water. The results obtained evidenced the circulation of enteric viruses in this region, providing additional information on the molecular epidemiology of HAdV in Brazil, as well as the high level of microbiological contamination of the groundwater of the city of Macapá, resulting from the deficient basic sanitation service