Entre o real e o manipulado: a fotografia como fonte histórica e seus desafios metodológicos

Abstract

This article is based on the following question: what are the methodological challenges for the critical analysis of photographs as historical sources in contexts of image manipulation? As a general objective, we seek to investigate the relevance of photography as a historical source, analyzing its capacity to document and interpret cultural, social and political contexts. Specifically, we focus on three objectives: to examine the methods of analysis and interpretation of photography in the field of history; to analyze how different historical contexts influence the production and content of photographs; and to discuss the limits and possibilities of photography as a historical document. From a methodological point of view, we opted for bibliographic and documentary research. This choice is justified by its ability to offer a solid base of data and interpretations that allow for a critical and well-founded analysis of the topic. In the specific case of the analysis of photographs as historical sources in contexts of manipulation, this approach allows for a theoretical deepening of the methodological challenges involved, in addition to enabling the collection of historical examples and concrete cases that illustrate the issues addressed. We conclude that, despite the challenges posed by image manipulation, photography remains an indispensable source for historiography. Recognizing its limits and potential is essential for the construction of more rigorous and critical historical narratives. The study reinforced the need to develop methodological and interdisciplinary strategies that preserve the relevance of photography as a cultural artifact and historical source.