Doutrina Bush e o excepcionalismo americano: a intervenção no Afeganistão e suas consequências (2001 - 2021)

Abstract

The aim of this article is to analyze the impact of George W. Bush's Doctrine during the U.S. intervention in Afghanistan as an immediate response to the 2001 attacks on the Twin Towers and the Pentagon. This action was ideologically based on the right of defense but, more significantly, on a unique interpretation of theories such as Exceptionalism and Liberalism. These ideologies are evident in the speeches of the then-president and in the realistic perception of the military strategies adopted at the time. The central issue addressed in this article is whether the United States succeeded in its mission to contain the terrorist groups responsible for the attack and whether it managed to stabilize Afghan territory through these decisions. A literature review was chosen as the primary methodology for investigating these topics, drawing on studies, books, and academic articles in this field, including contributions from authors like Hans Morgenthau, Joseph Nye, and Ulysses Tavares Teixeira on realist and liberal theories. The findings indicate that despite reconstruction and democratization efforts, Bush's foreign policy was obtuse, leading to persistent instability due to a lack of strategic coordination and planning, culminating in the hasty withdrawal of American troops in 2021, leaving the country once again under Taliban control.