Risco ocupacional de cabeleireiros do município de Oiapoque: avaliação genotóxica em tecidos epiteliais

Abstract

Hairdressers are professionals who from ancient times carry the responsibility and proper management to take care of the hair of men and women. It is one of the fastest growing professions in Brazil, due to countless searches for sophisticated and attractive coloring, hairstyles, cuts and chemicals, thus being chronically exposed to cosmetic products that contain formaldehydes in their composition. Objective: To evaluate the frequency of chromosomal aberrations and nuclear alterations in oral mucosal epithelial cells as a marker of occupational risk due to exposure to genotoxic substances and the relationship with the working habits and lifestyle of hairdressers in Oiapoque City. Methodology: This was a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive and exploratory study. Fifty-one semi-structured questionnaires were applied to correlate with the results obtained in the micronucleus test, which consists in the collection of exfoliative cells for microscope analysis in order to observe cellular alterations in the oral mucosa epithelial tissues of these workers. Results: Of the professionals interviewed, 51% of them were men, the age ranged from 16 to 20 between 51 to 60 years, it was noted that women spend more time smoking compared to men, 61% have been working in the area for more than 6 years. 84% were aware of their exposure to genotoxic products in their occupational environment. The most commonly used products were beauty treatment 96.08%. Sealing was mentioned as the main cause of the symptoms presented 92.2%, 47%, used PPE regularly. The most cited symptoms were: change in vision 60.8% and severe headache 43.1%. Visible changes in the oral mucosa were noted both leukoplakia and erythroplasia. Blood glucose levels were 45% (Less than 99 mg / dL). Regarding BP measurement (74%) presented normal pressure 100 and 140 between 60 and 90. Of the professionals (43%) were overweight. Among the most commonly used pharmacological drugs, nimesulide was the most cited. Of the uses of ethnopharmacological boldo (13.73%) is the most consumed. As for nuclear alterations: the bud or bud had the highest average (17.53) compared to the micronucleus (3.14) and nucleoplasmic bridges (0.59). Among the frequencies of cell death markers such as pycnosis (8.20), condensed chromatin (0.41), karyolysis (0.10) and cytotoxicity markers, binucleation (3.90). Statistical analysis showed a significant association between coffee drinking and non-drinking habits and the presence of karyorrhexis (CR) and nucleoplasmic bridges - Broken eggs (BE), among other nuclear alterations. Thus, the micronucleus test is an important indicator of genomic instability. Conclusion: It has been found that hairdressers are at constant risk in their occupational environment due to high exposure to chemicals, resulting in alterations such as karyorrhexis and nucleoplasmic bridges (Broken eggs). Currently these changes are being considered as biomarkers of genotoxicity, so it is necessary to take protective measures such as use of PPE and professional training in order to inform the real risks of products used in salons, thus avoiding greater damage to the health of the worker