Tratamento antichamas para habitações residenciais em madeira: avaliação da resistência ao fogo de tábuas de Pracuúba (Mora paraensis)

Abstract

Considering the large fires that occurred in Brazil and the State of Amapá, mainly the event registered on October 23, 2013, in the Perpétuo Socorro neighborhood in the city of Macapá, which consumed about 420 residences mostly built predominantly in wood, this paper deals with the chemical treatment of anti-flames for residential residences in wood as a passive fire safety measure. Through a non standardized experiment, the quantitative determination of the fire resistance of male and female wood planks was carried out with and without the application of anti-flame chemicals. For this, the species of pracuúba type (Mora paraensis) was used because it is the most commercialized wood in the State of Amapá due to its abundance, quality and low price. In order to base the experiment, a bibliographical survey was carried out with authors and institutions dealing with the subject as the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (2001), Anastácio (2010), Brentano (2015, 2016), Queiroz and Machado (2007), Mitidieri (2008), Seito (2008), Silva (2012), Pfeil and Pfeil (2003), Pinto (2010), among others, emphasizing the themes of fire safety, fire and fire fundamentals, and the study on chemical treatment by anti-flame products for wood. In the experiment three tests were carried out with three types of test specimens, one of wood without chemical anti-flame treatment, one of wood with application of retardant product that in the presence of the heat carbonizes itself avoiding the propagation of the flames and one with the application of intumescent product which in contact with temperatures above 200 °C, expands multiple times, protecting the wood from the high temperatures of the fire. As a result, the test specimen without the application of anti-flame products presented a reasonable fire resistance with a thermal insulation of 15 minutes with a temperature of 144ºC on the unexposed face and sealing for 17 minutes and 50 seconds in the specimen with the retardant product a slight increase in the strength of the test specimen, the thermal insulation of 20 minutes with a temperature of 172 ° C on the exposed face and watertightness up to 19 minutes and 20 seconds being registered, the test specimen with the application of intumescent product presented a better performance, reaching the thermal insulation of 25 minutes with a temperature of 156ºC in the unexposed face and watertightness up to 25 minutes. Finally, it is concluded that these products are effective for the protection of residential wooden dwellings in the state of Amapá, however the access and cost of these products still makes it economically unviable for low-income families, requiring a greater product universalization and local access.