Análise da Gestão e Gerenciamento dos Resíduos de Construção e Demolição (RCD) no Município de Macapá/AP

Abstract

The construction sector makes a significant contribution to economic growth and the generation of jobs and income in Brazil. However, it is the biggest consumer of natural resources and the largest contributor to the total volume of solid waste generated. Even so, the management of Construction Waste (CCW) is the main tool for advancing the sector in a sustainable manner. In view of the constant development of the construction market in Macapá/AP, as well as the need for each municipality to be aligned with environmental development goals, the aim of this study was to evaluate the management system using a sustainability index and to investigate the management practices adopted in relation to CCW. Initially, a bibliographical survey of the literature and relevant legislation was carried out. To assess management, the Construction and Demolition Waste Management Index (IGRCD) was applied, which analyzes management instruments and programs, collection and sorting and treatment and disposal, and has a score between 0 and 66 points. In order to assess management on construction sites, on-site visits were made, photographs were taken and a questionnaire was administered to 4 construction companies with questions about the sorting, packaging, transportation and final disposal stages. The results indicated that the management of CCW in the municipality of Macapá is inefficient, as it scored low in all the groups of indicators used. It was also noted that the large generators do not draw up a Construction Waste Management Plan and that most of the management stages are not carried out on construction sites (none of the sites carry out the sorting stage and 75% do not package the waste). The hypothesis raised was confirmed in view of the fact that the municipality's low level of CDW management (IGRCD = 16) is mainly related to a lack of appropriate legislation and infrastructure for managing CDW, as well as low participation by construction stakeholders. Proposals were therefore drawn up to improve the management of CDW, with the aim of encouraging shared responsibility among all those involved in the construction sector. Given the scarcity of studies on the subject focused on the city of Macapá, the research contributes to the scientific community by providing information that helps to characterize the scenario of management and management of RCC in the capital of Amapá. Furthermore, it can influence policies and practices for the management of MSW in Macapá, with a view to structuring municipal management that offers tangible benefits to the community and the environment.