Uso de técnicas de drenagem sustentável em zona urbana de Macapá: estudo de caso do campus Marco Zero da Universidade Federal do Amapá

Abstract

The urban development of the Marco Zero campus of the Federal University of Amapá has already been presenting problems with the drainage of rainwater, due to soil waterproofing, which contributes to the increase in the volume drained. The Marco Zero Campus Participatory Master Plan (PDPCMZ) extension project showed that the campus is experiencing problems related to the lack of rainwater drainage infrastructure both within the campus and in the surroundings. Currently, this situation contributes to the occurrence of growth points and prevents the growth of the campus, which may in the future increase and increase the delay in land use and occupation. Faced with the need to devise a proposal for a sustainable solution for the campus, the present work proposed to study the technical and environmental feasibility of implementing detention basins within the campus. Being necessary, geoprocessing and hydrological modeling tools to simulate different scenarios of land use and occupation with different rainfall. For this purpose, SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) software was used for hydraulic-hydrological modeling and QGIS software to obtain data related to land use and occupation, a basic tool for successful simulation of the computational model. It was also used to compare the computational model with some theoretical models: Rational Method for estimating the peak flow of the basin, as well as the rational hydrograph method and the Urbonas and Glidden simplifications method for estimating the volume of the proposed detention basins . From the results, it was possible to analyze the scenario in which the proposed arrests worked perfectly; scenario in which both detentions and conduits flood; and analyze the scenario in which only the conduits flood. The comparison of the computational model with the theoretical methods showed similarities in peak flows and discrepancies in storage volume, especially regarding the rational hydrograph method. It was possible to analyze, through the simulations, that the implementation of the detention basin promotes efficiencies in the order of 98,5% in the reduction of inflows, therefore, the conception of the detention basins as well as the perpetuity of other sustainable measures make appropriate solutions to accompany the growth of the campus without compromising the functions of the campus and the surroundings.